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  Balzac, HonorĂ© de
Cahan, Abraham
Flaubert, Gustave
  Howells, William Dean
James, Henry
Stendhal
  Turgenev, Ivan
Twain, Mark


In the visual arts and literature, realism is a mid-19th century movement, which started inside France. A realists sought to render everyday characters, situations, dilemmas, & cases; beat an "accurate" (or naturalistic) manner. Realism began as a reaction to romanticism, in which cases were treated idealistically. Realists tended to discard theatrical drama & classical forms of art to depict commonplace or even 'naturalistic' themes.

From either a 1860s onwards, critics started to speak of Naturalism (literature) rather than Realism.

American Realism 1865-1910
Excellent overview of the American Realism movement in literature. Illustrates the distinction between Romanticism, Realism and Naturalism through author examples.

Social Realism: Instructor Overview
Essay on the American social realism movement of the late nineteenth century, with a timeline, bibliography, and teachers' notes.


Arts: Periods and Movements: Realism






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